1. Introduction

Under section 33 of the Social Security (Claims and Payments) Regulations 1987, a third party can be appointed to act on behalf of another where that person is ‘unable to act’ on their own behalf, is believed to be entitled to benefits and does not have either someone who holds a Lasting Power of Attorney (property and financial affairs) on their behalf or a deputy appointed by the Court of Protection.

Wherever possible, people should manage their own affairs, with support if necessary. For mental capacity or the lack of it to be established, a formal assessment must be carried out by a suitably qualified person following the principles set out in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA). This will usually be the social worker or medical practitioner working most closely with the person. If it is established that the person does lack mental capacity, enquiries must be made about whether a relevant Power of Attorney is in force. If one is not, then an appointee or deputy must be appointed. Wherever possible, this should be a suitable family member. Hull City Council should only become involved when all options regarding relatives have been considered.

Appointees (including corporate appointees such as the local authority) can only deal with the income from benefits and a small amount of savings that might accrue from unspent benefits. They cannot deal with capital or any other source of income. Where the adult does have capital, accrues capital from benefits or has other income such as private pensions, then consideration should be given to whether an application to the Court of Protection for deputyship is necessary.

The regulations pre-date the MCA but can be applied where an individual claimant lacks the mental or physical capacity to manage their own financial affairs in respect of benefits and entitlements.

The duties and responsibilities of an appointee are essentially those of any benefit claimant:

  • finding out about benefit entitlements;
  • making appropriate claims;
  • advising Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) of change of circumstances;
  • arranging payback of overpayments.

Corporate appointeeship should be pursued only as a last resort, when it has been established that no family members or friends are able and willing to safely assume this role. Where individuals are considering taking on or retaining the appointee role, then Citizens Advice can provide support, including advice on entitlement to benefits and help with claims.

Appointeeship cannot be sought as means of managing/controlling the lives of those who have mental capacity in relation to benefit entitlements and responsibilities, but who make unwise decisions in spending or budgeting.

2. Spending

Benefits regulations do not detail how benefits should be administered on behalf of the person. It is, however, generally understood that the appointee should manage those monies to meet the individual’s day to day needs. This might include paying bills (including charges for care) and making necessary provision for routine shopping, household purchases, repairs and maintenance etc. The appointee has the authority to provide this level of intervention/ assistance as required.

Once day to day needs are met, the appointee should support the person to save or spend the rest of their money as they wish. If the person cannot express their wishes, this should be done in the person’s best interests, taking into account their past and present wishes and feelings. Any spending should be in keeping with their daily routine and way of life and be proportionate to their means.

3. Mental Capacity Assessments

Mental capacity assessments should deal specifically with the person’s capacity to discharge their duties and responsibilities as a benefit claimant.

A formal assessment of the person’s mental capacity to claim and manage their benefits should be carried out by a suitably qualified person following the principles set out in the MCA and must be carefully recorded. See Assessing Mental Capacity: Guidance.

4. Adults with Mental Capacity

If the person does have mental capacity but is being coerced through pressure, fear, or intimidation into making financial decisions they would not otherwise have made or into taking action which they might otherwise not have taken it is possible for the local authority to assume the role of appointee with the person’s express, informed consent in order to safeguard them from further exploitation or abuse.

In cases where all of the above applies but the adult does not consent to appointeeship, the social care worker should discuss concerns with their team manager who may, as necessary, seek the advice of the Safeguarding  Adults Team as to whether other legal avenues are available or appropriate in these particular circumstances.

5. Agents

An agent is not appointed to act on behalf of the claimant (and so is not an appointee) but can be nominated by a person who has mental capacity to collect their benefits for them. Local authority staff cannot act as agents. In exceptional circumstances, where an adult with mental capacity has no other safe source of this support and where other options have been explored and exhausted, then they can ask that we take on the role as appointee in order to provide this specific service.

6. Responsibilities

In delegating the duties of the appointee within the local authority, tasks and responsibilities are shared between Adult Social Care, the Welfare Rights Team and the Transactional Finance Team.

A named social care worker will have responsibility for:

  • advising the Department for Work and Pensions and the Welfare Rights Team in a timely manner of relevant changes of circumstances which may affect the person’s claim or entitlement, such as; changes of name or address, marriage or death, admissions and discharges to hospital or residential care;
  • completion of DLA and PIP forms in respect of benefit claims;
  • updating electronic records;
  • contributing to reviews which will consider whether the person still lacks mental capacity to manage their finances, whether the appointeeship is still required and appropriate, whether the appointeeship can transfer to a friend or relative and clarification as to whether savings or other assets have reached the limit at which entitlement to benefits is affected, charges for care and support are affected or at which Public Authority Deputyship is required;
  • updating/maintaining records in relation to next of kin. These details are required on the WR5 form (Corporate Appointeeship Request Form) and must be kept up to date in order that, in the event of the death of the person, the local authority can return any funds it holds to the person’s estate;
  • drawing up a budget document with the person which details routine incoming and outgoing funds in relation to day to day costs and expenses and available disposable income.

The Welfare Rights team has its own internal procedures but broadly has responsibility for:

  • making the formal application to the DWP for appointeeship;
  • completing a full benefit check on behalf of the person, identifying all relevant entitlements and conducting periodic reviews of entitlements;
  • providing ongoing advice on entitlement to benefits;
  • liaising with the Transactional Finance Team and making arrangements for receipt of the person’s benefits into a corporate account;
  • completion of any factual forms relating to information held by the team.

The Transactional Finance Team has responsibility for:

  • setting up a unique cost centre code for the person, so that financial transactions can be tracked;
  • payment of expenses out of a person’s account via cash, cheque or BACS payment;
  • monthly reconciliation of incomings and outgoings of a person’s account utilising electronic or other records to check any queries;
  • upon the person’s death, ensuring balances are released to the executor of their will or to the next of kin. If there is no next of kin, the procedure for the disposal of property of deceased persons must be followed. This details the point at which Bona Vacantia will take an interest in the person’s estate and the steps to be followed whether Bona Vacantia will be involved or not;
  • ensuring the person’s balances are carried forward at the financial year-end closedown;
  • upon the relinquishing of an appointeeship ensuring balances are paid to the appropriate individual / representative.

7. Applying for Corporate Appointeeship

When a worker identifies that someone may need support to manage their finances, a formal assessment must take place to ascertain whether the person has the mental capacity to manage their finances and identify what support might be available to help with this. If the assessment shows that the person does not have the mental capacity to manage even when all reasonable support has been made available, then consideration of appointeeship or Public Authority Deputyship must take place. If the person’s only source of income is state benefits and they do not have capital or other assets worth more than £5,000 then appointeeship is sufficient. If they have other income or substantial assets, then an application must be made to the Court of Protection for Public Authority Deputyship.

If appointeeship is sufficient to manage the person’s finances, a family member or close friend should be identified wherever possible, who is suitable, willing and able to become the person’s appointee. If there is no one who is willing and able, or if the only people willing and able are not suitable, then a Best Interests Decision Making meeting should be convened to make the decision about whether corporate appointeeship should be sought. A person is not suitable to become an appointee if they:

  • are not likely to act in the person’s best interests at all times;
  • are, or have recently been declared bankrupt;
  • lack mental capacity themselves;
  • are subject to drug treatment orders;
  • are subject to orders under the Mental Health Act.

The final decision regarding suitability rests with the DWP, but people meeting the criteria outlined above are unlikely to be regarded as suitable and should not be encouraged to apply for the role.

Someone may lack the mental capacity to manage their finances but retain the mental capacity to choose who to ask to be their appointeeship, or to consent to appointeeship being sought. If this is the case, detail of how the individual wishes the local authority to manage their finances and a record of the person’s consent to this arrangement should be recorded.

The mental capacity assessment and best interests paperwork must then be submitted to the City Adult Social Care Manager with a completed Corporate Appointeeship Request Form for approval.

The approved copy of the paperwork will be returned to the social care worker who will place a scanned copy on the person’s electronic record and submit the pack to the Welfare Rights Team.

The Welfare Rights Team complete the DWP appointee application form (BF57) and submit this to DWP.

In all case where the local authority takes on the role of appointee, the person concerned must have a named social care worker. The case must remain open until either the person dies or the appointeeship is no longer required and steps have been taken to relinquish it.

8. Requesting, Collection or Handling of Money

Everyone who has delegated responsibilities in relation to corporate appointeeships must evidence compliance with the written protocols and procedures in place regarding the collection, storage, handling and spending of service users’ monies. There must be a clear and evidenced audit trail of the flow of money from the initial request to the Cash and Banking Section to the handover of money to the person or the spend on their behalf. In particular, it must be shown that there is:

  • a regularly monitored and up to date list of people who have a corporate appointee or deputy and their named responsible worker;
  • segregation of duties in handling monies – the officer requesting funds from the Cash and Banking Section (using the Appointee Cash Request form) must be different from the officer collecting funds;
  • a minimum of three quotes obtained for the purchase of items over £250 to evidence that the best price has been obtained;
  • a receipt obtained on the collection of monies which is stored in the person’s file;
  • all money stored in safes on the premises which are clearly labelled and ‘booked’ in and out with two signatures;
  • all transactions signed by two officers with legible signatures, designation and dates;
  • monthly reconciliations of incoming and outgoing money. Any spending of money should be evidenced by receipts and signatures and the remaining balance should reflect the expenditure.
  • where the person lives in a permanent residential care setting all assets purchased on their behalf must be recorded and included as part of their estate;
  • an escalation process in place so that any queries or disputes which cannot be resolved between workers or any issues of noncompliance with this guidance can be escalated to line managers in the first instance and then to relevant City Adult Social Care Managers or the operational group if necessary.

9. Appeals against Appointeeship

There are four circumstances where an appointeeship can be revoked:

  • if the appointee does not act appropriately within the terms under which the appointment was granted, the DWP can revoke their authority;
  • if there is sufficient evidence that the person is capable of acting for themselves and does not need an appointee to act for them;
  • where the appointee becomes incapable. The Secretary of State should take normal action to appoint a replacement;
  • where the appointee no longer wishes to continue.

9.1 Appointee is not acting appropriately

If the evidence of mismanagement is overwhelming and unequivocal, then the DWP will suspend payment of benefit immediately whilst the case is further investigated. In cases where the evidence is not clear, benefits may continue to be paid pending the outcome of the investigation. If the investigation finds that the appointee has not acted appropriately, the appointeeship will be revoked and further action, including referral to the Office of the Public Guardian or the police will be considered.

9.2 There is sufficient evidence that the person is capable of acting for themselves

The person subject to appointeeship can appeal to the DWP for the appointeeship to be revoked and to assume control over their own benefits. The request should be made by telephone initially, via the relevant helpline to the DWP, who will arrange for an assessor to visit the person. The assessor will also approach the appointee for their views, and will make the decision whether or not to revoke the appointeeship. Where the City Council wishes to contest the revocation, written evidence supporting this view should be forwarded to the DWP and if necessary, a case conference should be held with all parties represented including the DWP. The final decision is for the DWP to make.

9.3 Incapacity of corporate appointee, or wish to discontinue

Neither of these scenarios should apply to a local authority appointeeship, as responsibility can be delegated to a range of suitable officers.

9.4 Process of appealing

The person wishing to appeal must contact the DWP, initially by telephone on one of the numbers given below. The DWP will then take the steps outlined above.

Personal Independence Payments helpline 0800 9172222

Disability related benefits helpline:

  • (born before 8.4.48) 0345 6056055
  • (born after 8.4.48) 0345 7123456

State pension helpline 0345 6060265
Tax credits helpline 0345 3003900
All other benefits Via Jobcentre Plus

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